Battle of Tannenberg / Crossbow / New World

-1146

European leaders outlaw the crossbow, intending to end war for all time.

-1363

The Battle of Lake Poyang begins; two Chinese rebel leaders, Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang, clash during the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.

-1682

William Penn departs from England to sail to the New World.

-1914

The Battle of Tannenberg (WWI) in East Prussia ended; the German 8th Army, led by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, destroyed the Russian Second Army, killing 70,000–120,219 soldiers.

-1918

Vladimir Lenin was shot twice by Social Revolutionary Party member Fanya Kaplan after he spoke at a factory in Moscow. Despite being seriously wounded, he survived.

-1928

Jawaharlal Nehru presented the Nehru Report, officially requesting independence for India and outlining a federal constitution with reserved seats for minorities.

-1963

John F. Kennedy became the first U.S. president to have a direct phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow. The "hotline" was intended to facilitate communication between the president and the Soviet premier.

-1967

Thurgood Marshall became the first African American to be confirmed to the Supreme Court.

-1983

Guion S. Bluford becomes the first African American to travel into space when Challenger lifts off on its third mission.